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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are among the most frequently prescribed drugs for ADHD and can boost and balance levels of brain chemicals. However, they do not cure the condition and can only aid in managing symptoms so long as they're taken regularly. Side effects of ADHD medications may include changes in blood pressure as well as heart rate, anxiety and tics. Children and teens who take stimulant drugs experience a minor reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a central nerve stimulant is the most commonly used medication used to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety forms, including a chewable tablet, a liquid, a long-acting orally disintegrating tablet, and an extended-release pill. The drug is effective by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to enhance concentration. It can also help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. When used in conjunction with other treatments such as behavioral therapy, methylphenidate could be an effective treatment for ADHD. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that normally remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The medication can cause a slight increase in heart rate and blood pressure. People with diabetes should also be cautious when taking this medication since it can cause an abrupt rise in blood sugar. Speak to add medication adult in the event that you notice any of these signs. Methylphenidate is also known to cause a condition known as Raynaud's phenomena that causes numbness and pain in the toes and fingers. This is a rare, but serious side effect. It is crucial to inform your doctor if any of these symptoms are observed. There is some concern that methylphenidate slows the growth of children, but this has not been proved to be the situation. If you have a child being treated with methylphenidate, ensure that you monitor his or her height and weight closely. If your child is taking a methylphenidate chewable tablet that contains phenylalanine which is potentially dangerous for children who have the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Consult your physician about an alternative methylphenidate formulation in case you suffer from PKU. Some people are unable to take stimulants which are the most popular treatment for ADHD. In these cases, doctors may prescribe other medications that work similarly. There are other stimulants, like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine, besides the methylphenidate. These substances are stronger than methylphenidate and can last longer. They are usually taken at least three times a day, but some people might be able to take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however, they are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera and is a non-stimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration while reducing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is in a class of medications known as selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers that control the brain's activity. It is a favorite choice for children and adults who prefer a different type of medication than stimulants such as Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to remember that atomoxetine is not effective immediately, and it may take up to six weeks for the effects of the medication to become apparent. In addition, you may experience side-effects such as reduced appetite, drowsiness and upset stomach. For the majority of patients, the benefits of taking atomoxetine outweigh the risks. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 297 ADHD patients aged between 12 and 18, the effectiveness of atomoxetine was verified. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either atomoxetine at a daily dose 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo over 9 weeks. In both atomoxetine as well as placebo groups, symptoms of depression were less. The atomoxetine group experienced more improvements in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. The improvement was sporadic. In a separate open study in another open trial, 10 patients with ADHD who failed to respond to stimulants were treated with atomoxetine over 8 weeks. The group receiving atomoxetine had improved ADHD symptoms compared to the placebo group with scores on the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale Investigator Rated Screening version as well as the Clinical Global Impressions of Severity scale increasing significantly. However, one patient experienced an rash and resigned from the study. Three patients also reported temporary digestive symptoms, and one reported increased fatigue. Consult your physician before you begin treatment with atomoxetine about your medical history, which includes any medications or supplements you are taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as over-the-counter medications. Discuss with your doctor whether any of the following conditions occur such as narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid or adrenal gland tumour or a high blood pressure heart disease or sudden death. You should stay clear of Atomoxetine in addition to if you've taken an MAO-inhibitor such as isocarboxazid and linezolid in the last 14 days or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion, a non-stimulant drug that is a non-stimulant, can aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. It can also reduce impulsivity and increase concentration, but it doesn't affect the brain in the same way as stimulants do. It's only available with a prescription. Your doctor will decide on the best dosage for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and capsules. It is crucial to follow the directions. If you stop taking it suddenly, you may have withdrawal symptoms. It's typically taken two or three times a day with a 4-6 hour interval between each dose. The dose can range between 100 mg twice or three times a day up to 150 mg three or four times daily. The drug is absorbed into the digestive tract, and then excreted into urine, meaning it can't enter breast milk. However, it is able to be absorbed into the bloodstream and affect other organs. Bupropion can increase blood pressure. It's important to monitor it frequently. Bupropion is a great drug that, in addition to reducing ADHD symptoms and reducing depression, also helps to reduce the symptoms of ADHD. It is also a treatment for bipolar disorder. It is a method of blocking dopamine receptors within your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine, from entering your brain. This helps stabilize your mood. Bupropion can interact with other drugs. Tell your doctor if you're taking any other medications. It's important to let your doctor know if suffer from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants as they can cause side effects to become worse. Numerous studies have examined the effects of bupropion versus placebos in adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and most studies were not well-designed. A majority of these studies excluded patients with psychiatric co-morbidity. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion can have a slight effect on ADHD. Further research is needed to determine positive outcomes for patients, including an improvement in quality of living. Furthermore, a better understanding of the molecular subtypes of ADHD is essential before a successful treatment can be created. This includes a better understanding of the relationship between the various molecular pathways. Moreover, it's critical to know how various anti-ADHD agents work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants can be prescribed by doctors if stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD do not work or cause adverse side effects. These drugs, which include imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), help by increasing the neurotransmitters dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain to help people concentrate. These older medications can cause serious negative side negative effects. They are usually only employed when other drugs are not working. The first choice of antidepressants for depression is typically a selective serotonin receptor inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram, or escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still used in some cases despite their long history. They also work in reducing neuropathic pain. They also provide a pain-relieving effect which is distinct from their antidepressant properties. They increase the activity of the noradrenephrine receptor by blocking its reuptake. They also function as descending modulators for pain pathways in spinal cord. SSRIs have less risk of toxicity and have less severe side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. Additionally, they're safe in pregnancy and don't appear to be teratogenic in humans or animals. If they are abruptly stopped, they could cause significant withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor may recommend slowly reducing the dose over a few weeks to lessen the negative effects. Bupropion, an antidepressant commonly prescribed off-label to treat ADHD but isn't FDA approved as a treatment for adhd. It's believed to increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and acetylcholine within the brain, which improves concentration. It is also known to relieve stress and anxiety. It can be combined with stimulants to produce more rapid and lasting results. Although there aren't any other FDA-approved nonstimulant drugs for ADHD however, many people get relief from the use of nutritional supplements and herbs. A diet low on fat and sugar may aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Certain people can also benefit from avoiding caffeine. Discuss with your doctor any medicines you or your child take as well as herbal remedies and prescription drugs. This will help minimize unwanted side effects and prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, so it's sometimes an exercise of trial and error to find the right dosage and drug for your child or you.